First consider the results you seek. What are you going to DO with them. To inform actions you need specific information. make sure your questionnaire gathers this information unambiguously.
Then consider your target audience. How can you write and sequence your questions to get the information you seek? What language do you need to use to reach them effectively?

Do you use web site or direct e-mail invitations?
If you use web site then you will receive random visitors and responses will come in over a period from those who find the web page.
If you use e-mail invitations you will be able to target the respondents you need, and remind them to respond if they have not done so. You will generally get rapid results.

Your opening page needs to capture their interest so that they will respond to your survey.

If you use "technical" terms or abbreviations then make sure your audience understand them.

Ask clear questions. For example 'How many times have you used the library?' is too vague. Try 'How many times have you used the library in the last full term?' instead.

Avoid leading questions. That is, do not ask questions where the question itself points to the answer you want. You will not get a true response.

If you want to analyse results by respondent type ask these questions either at the beginning or at the end. Questions about a persons age, academic year or gender for example. Ask them at the beginning if you want to shape the asked questions based on the respondent. If it is only for analysis then ask them at the end where they are seen as less intrusive.

Finally, always consider ending with an open question asking for opinions on the topic. You will typically get a 10 to 20 % response here and some occasional gems.

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